Last data update: May 20, 2024. (Total: 46824 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Scott Schmid D[original query] |
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Revisiting the genotyping scheme for varicella-zoster viruses based on whole-genome comparisons.
Jensen NJ , Rivailler P , Tseng HF , Quinlivan ML , Radford K , Folster J , Harpaz R , LaRussa P , Jacobsen S , Schmid DS . J Gen Virol 2017 98 (6) 1434-1438 We report whole-genome sequences (WGSs) for four varicella-zoster virus (VZV) samples from a shingles study conducted by Kaiser Permanente of Southern California. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of all published VZV WGSs revealed that strain KY037798 is in clade IX, which shall henceforth be designated clade 9. Previously published single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-based genotyping schemes fail to discriminate between clades 6 and VIII and employ positions that are not clade-specific. We provide an updated list of clade-specific positions that supersedes the list determined at the 2008 VZV nomenclature meeting. Finally, we propose a new targeted genotyping scheme that will discriminate the circulating VZV clades with at least a twofold redundancy. Genotyping strategies using a limited set of targeted SNPs will continue to provide an efficient 'first pass' method for VZV strain surveillance as vaccination programmes for varicella and zoster influence the dynamics of VZV transmission. |
Fatal varicella due to the vaccine-strain varicella-zoster virus
Leung J , Siegel S , Jones JF , Schulte C , Blog D , Scott Schmid D , Bialek SR , Marin M . Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013 10 (1) 146-9 We describe a death in a 15-mo old girl who developed a varicella-like rash 20 d after varicella vaccination that lasted for 2 mo despite acyclovir treatment. The rash was confirmed to be due to vaccine-strain varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This is the first case of fatal varicella due to vaccine-strain VZV reported from the United States. The patient developed severe respiratory complications that worsened with each new crop of varicella lesions; vaccine-strain VZV was detected in the bronchial lavage specimen. Sepsis and multi-organ failure led to death. The patient did not have a previously diagnosed primary immune deficiency, but her failure to thrive and repeated hospitalizations early in life (starting at 5 mo) for presumed infections and respiratory compromise treated with corticosteroids were suggestive of a primary or acquired immune deficiency. Providers should monitor for adverse reactions after varicella vaccination. If severe adverse events develop, acyclovir should be administered as soon as possible. The possibility of acyclovir resistance and use of foscarnet should be considered if lesions do not improve after 10 d of treatment (or if they become atypical [e.g., verrucous]). Experience with use of varicella vaccine indicates that the vaccine has an excellent safety profile and that serious adverse events are very rare and mostly described in immunocompromised patients. The benefit of vaccination in preventing severe disease and mortality outweigh the low risk of severe events occurring after vaccination. |
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